Distribution of thermal energy
The distribution of thermal energy is done from power plants, heating plants, power plants and the like through pipelines that are usually pre-insulated. The form by which thermal energy is distributed by pipelines is usually in the form of hot water (<110 ° C), hot water (> 110 ° C) or in the form of pressurized water vapor all the way to the consumer, where it is directed or by thermal transformation in heat cells hydraulically distributes to individual segments of thermal energy consumption.
Energy products for the production of heat are also distributed mainly through pipelines as pipelines for gas, fuel oil and in smaller cases electricity as heat energy which is distributed to power lines to consumers, which has recently become increasingly the case for using electricity as an energy source in combination with renewable energy using the so-called heat pumps. In principle, whether thermal energy will be distributed from large systems of production of the same or energy will be distributed to larger or smaller consumers of thermal energy is a question of optimal solution, which depends on the cost of investment of the distribution network as well as the price of energy and heat losses of distribution as well as the price of invested energy. for the distribution of heat and energy. In practice, this means that large central thermal energy producers will be the most financially and energy-friendly in areas of higher concentration of thermal energy consumers such as cities, industrial zones, commercial and business zones and the like. Contrary to the above, when the consumers of thermal energy are at great distances from each other, in this case it is more optimal to distribute the energy products to the same ones, and each consumer separately generates heat for his needs.
Accordingly, the environmental aspect should also be taken into account, as each heat production has an impact on it. The concentration or dispersion of environmental pollution points, especially air in this case, can be a significant advantage in finding the optimal solution for the production and distribution of energy and heat.